Eiffel's principal job was to draw up the arch girders of the Galerie des Machines. Dezember 1832 in Dijon; † 27. Nachdem sich ein Eintritt in die Fabriken seines Onkels nicht verwirklicht hatte, war er für einige Monate in einer Sprengstoff-Fabrik in Châtillon-sur-Seine beschäftigt. His researches, published in 1907 and 1911, on the resistance of the air in connection with aviation, are especially valuable. These were constructed with the aid of compressed air caissons and hydraulic rams, both innovative techniques at the time. Jahrhunderts in der Eifel lebte. This was less than a quarter of the estimated cost of six and a half million francs. Dieser erkannte sein Talent und machte ihn zum Projektmanager im Eisenbahnbrückenbau. This was the most important building in a complex designed by Charles Garnier, later among the most prominent critics of the Tower. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 22. 100% satisfaction guaranteed. Although no more than 250 men were employed on the site, a prodigious amount of exacting preparatory work was entailed: the drawing office produced 1,700 general drawings and 3,629 detail drawings of the 18,038 different parts needed. At 2.35 Eiffel hoisted a large tricolour, to the accompaniment of a 25-gun salute fired from the lower level.[30]. 7 avr. Although he was simply a contractor, he was charged along with the directors of the project with raising money under false pretenses and misappropriation of funds. The family adopted the name Eiffel as a reference to the Eifelmountains in the region from which they had come. Ab 1843 besuchte er das Collège Sainte-Barbe in Paris, wo er sich 1850 niederließ[2] und zunächst an der dortigen École polytechnique studierte. After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields. His work had also gained the attention of several people who were later to give him work, including Stanislas de la Roche Toulay, who had prepared the design for the metalwork of the Bordeaux bridge, Jean Baptiste Krantz and Wilhelm Nordling. In his speech at the presentation of the medal, Alexander Graham Bell said:[39], ...his writings upon the resistance of the air have already become classical. 1862 heiratete er die Französin Marie Gaudelet, mit der er fünf Kinder hatte, drei Mädchen und zwei Jungen. (Münchenstein, Schweiz, 1891), http://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com/archives.php?page_id=24, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustave_Eiffel&oldid=205814987, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“, Eiffel, Alexandre Gustave (vollständiger Name), 1892 beteiligte er sich am Wettbewerb um den Bau der Dreifaltigkeitsbrücke in. Der Entwurf stammte vom Architekten Charles Léon Stephen Sauvestre nach einer Konstruktionsidee von Maurice Koechlin. Eiffel wuchs in seinem Geburtsort Dijon auf. Lebenslauf. Some of Nepveu's businesses were then acquired by the Compagnie Belge de Matériels de Chemin de Fer: Nepveu was appointed the managing director of the two factories in Paris, and offered Eiffel a job as head of the research department. [20] To assist him in the work he took on several people who were to play important roles in the design and construction of the Eiffel Tower, including Maurice Koechlin, a young graduate of the Zurich Polytechnikum, who was engaged to undertake calculations and make drawings, and Émile Nouguier, who had previously worked for Eiffel on the construction of the Douro bridge. This had been patented by Eiffel in 1881. [43], Alexandre Gustave Bonickhausen dit Eiffel, État-civil de la Côte-d'Or, Dijon, Registres d'état civil 1832, p. 249, Charles Braibant, Histoire de la Tour Eiffel, Paris 1964, p. 35, "The Death of a Great Pioneer: Gustav Eiffel Passes Away", "Future of Poland's one and only "Eiffel" Bridge unclear", "Page d'accueil | Association des descendants de Gustave Eiffel", Retour à la liste des extraits des bulletins de l'ADGE, Official website of the Association of the Descendants of Gustave Eiffel (in English), Gustave Eiffel: The Man Behind the Masterpiece, Einsturz der Birsbrücke bei Münchenstein (Basel), Statue of Liberty play (American football), Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustave_Eiffel&oldid=991058658, Pages using infobox person with unknown parameters, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Synagogue in Rue de Pasarelles, Paris (1867), Aérodynamique EIFFEL (wind tunnel), Paris (Auteuil), France (1911), Clock Tower, Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic, The Railway Bridge over the Coura river in. Es folgten erste Arbeiten für die Weltausstellung im gleichen Jahr. Oktober 1881). November 2020 um 13:37 Uhr bearbeitet. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel was born in France, in the Côte-d'Or, the first child of Catherine-Mélanie (née Moneuse) and Alexandre Bonickhausen dit Eiffel. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel wurde am 15. Die deutsche Schreibung des Namens Bonickhausen ist Bönickhausen mit Umlautzeichen. Gustave Eiffel, der zusammen mit seinen Ingenieuren E. Nougier und M. Koechlin die Errichtung des Turms genial ins Werk setzte, war in direkter väterlicher Linie der Nachkomme eines nach Frankreich ausgewanderten Eifelers. [29] At this stage a small "creeper" crane was installed in each leg, designed to move up the tower as construction progressed and making use of the guides for the elevators which were to be fitted in each leg. His contribution to the science of aerodynamics is probably of equal importance to his work as an engineer. Gustave Eiffel, 1832-1923. Die deutsche Schreibung des Namens Bonickhausen ist „Bönickhausen“ mit Umlautzeichen. Zu Beginn des 20. The price quoted by Eiffel was FF.965,000, far below the nearest competitor and so he was given the job, although since his company was less experienced than his rivals the Portuguese authorities appointed a committee to report on Eiffel et Cie's suitability. The entire statue was erected at the Eiffel works in Paris before being dismantled and shipped to the United States.[22]. Firstly he was ready to adopt innovative techniques first used by others, such as his use of compressed-air caissons and hollow cast-iron piers, and secondly he was a pioneer in his insistence on basing all engineering decisions on thorough calculation of the forces involved, combining this analytical approach with an insistence on a high standard of accuracy in drawing and manufacture. Naissance, 15 décembre 1832. After this brief pause erection of the metalwork continued, and the critical operation of linking the four legs was successfully completed by March 1888. 1858 ernannte man ihn zum leitenden Ingenieur beim Bau einer 500 Meter langen Eisenbahnbrücke über die Garonne in Bordeaux (später Passerelle Eiffel genannt), die im Juli 1860 eröffnet wurde[3] und als sein erstes Bauwerk gilt. Seine Frau starb jedoch schon sehr früh im Jahr 1877. No drilling or shaping was done on site: if any part did not fit it was sent back to the factory for alteration. He was a descendant of Jean-René Bönickhausen, who had emigrated from the German town of Marmagen and settled in Paris at the beginning of the 18th century. Der zunächst von der Pariser Bevölkerung nicht akzeptierte Turm avancierte rasch zum international anerkannten Symbol von Paris und Frankreich. [38], In 1913 Eiffel was awarded the Samuel P. Langley Medal for Aerodromics by the Smithsonian Institution. 2019 - Alexandre Gustave Bönickhausen. [37], A number of works of Gustave Eiffel are in danger today. Gerhard Mehlhorn/Manfred Curbach (Hrsg. Der Name "Eiffel" Die väterlichen Vorfahren Gustave Eiffels trugen den Namen „Bonickhausen-Eiffel“ bzw. Gustave Eiffel starb 1923 im Alter von 91 Jahren und wurde auf dem Friedhof von Levallois-Perret, nordwestlich von Paris, beigesetzt. [8] Eiffel was not a studious child, and thought his classes at the Lycée Royal in Dijon boring and a waste of time, although in his last two years, influenced by his teachers for history and literature, he began to study seriously, and he gained his baccalauréats in humanities and science. Er errichtete unter anderem 1872 eine Brücke in Chile und 1874 eine Gasfabrik in Bolivien. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (15 dhjetor 1832 - 27 dhjetor 1923; shqiptim frëngjisht: [efɛl], anglisht: / aɪfəl /) ishte një inxhinier francez strukturore nga Paris École Qendrore, një arkitekt, një sipërmarrës dhe një specialist i strukturave metalike. [23] Initially Eiffel showed little enthusiasm, although he did sanction further study of the project, and the two engineers then asked Stephen Sauvestre to add architectural embellishments. On-site work began in January 1876 and was complete by the end of October 1877: the bridge was ceremonially opened by King Luís I and Queen Maria Pia, after whom the bridge was named, on 4 November. As well as exhibiting models and drawings of work undertaken by the company, Eiffel was also responsible for the construction of several of the exhibition buildings. Nationalité Français. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel [alɛkˈsɑ̃dʀ gysˈtaːv ɛˈfɛl] (* 15. Statt die Brücke – wie üblich – als Vollwandträger auszuführen, konstruierte Eiffel den Überbau als leichte Fachwerkkonstruktion, die er auch künftig bevorzugte. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel war ein französischer Ingenieur, in dessen Büro der nach ihm benannte „Eiffelturm“ in Paris zur Weltausstellung 1889 konzipiert und realisiert wurde. die seiner Mitarbeiter. Both men spent a lot of time with the young Eiffel, teaching him about everything from chemistry and mining to theology and philosophy. Sauvestre added the decorative arches to the base, a glass pavilion to the first level and the cupola at the top. Januar 1888 zu montieren waren. Geneviève was born on June 30 1845, in Dijon, 21, Cote d'Or. [18] One of these, a pavilion for the Paris Gas Company, was Eiffel's first collaboration with Stephen Sauvestre, who was later to become the head of the company's architectural office. Die wesentlichen Ingenieuraufgaben beim Garrabit-Viadukt (Entwurf und Statik) wurden vo… Alles über die interessantesten Brücken der Welt. About Gustave Eiffel Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, né Bönickhausen1 le 15 décembre 1832 à Dijon et mort le 27 décembre 1923 à Paris, est un ingénieur, un industriel français ayant notamment participé à la construction de la statue de la Liberté à New York et de la tour Eiffel à Paris. The government is asking Eiffel to design something spectacular for the 1889 Paris World Fair, but Eiffel simply wants to design the subway. Between 1892 and 1891 he compiled a complete set of meteorological readings, and later extended his record-taking to include measurements from 25 different locations across France. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel was born in France, in the Côte-d'Or, the first child of Catherine-Mélanie (née Moneuse) and Alexandre Bonickhausen dit Eiffel. Here it was possible to build a larger wind tunnel, and Eiffel began to make tests using scale models of aircraft designs. The Exposition Universelle in 1878 firmly established his reputation as one of the leading engineers of the time. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel 2. Gustave Eiffel's career was a result of the Industrial Revolution. Symbol of the French know-how Proprietary. Er war für die Pariser Weltausstellung 1889 vorgesehen und wurde unter Eiffels Leitung erbaut. Dezember 1923 im Alter von 91 Jahren in Paris (Hauptstadt von Frankreich) gestorben. In dieser Sparte bestand damals eine große Nachfrage nach Ingenieuren und zugleich eine hohe Personalfluktuation. Der Schriftsteller und Eiffel-Biograph François Poncetton[13] und der ehemalige Generaldirektor der französischen Archive, Charles Braibant[12] vertraten die Annahme, dass der älteste Vorfahre in der französischen Linie, Jean René Bönickhausen, der Familie des Eifeler Schulmeisters Leo Heinrich Bönickhausen entstammt. Das Dictionnaire des Francs-Maçons Européens nennt Eiffel als Mitglied einer Loge des Grand Orient de France, ohne jedoch die Loge konkret zu benennen. On 6 October 1868 he entered into partnership with Théophile Seyrig, like Eiffel a graduate of the École Centrale, forming the company Eiffel et Cie. At the same time he was employed by Jean-Baptiste Kranz to assist him in the design of the exhibition hall for the Exposition Universelle which was to be held in 1867. Following the completion of the project on schedule Eiffel was appointed as the principal engineer of the Compagnie Belge. Eiffel had meteorological measuring equipment placed on the tower in 1889, and also built a weather station at his house in Sèvres. A number of different types were produced, ranging from footbridges to standard-gauge railway bridges. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel Herkunft und akademische Ausbildung Den meisten von uns ist Gustave Eiffel vor allem durch "seinen Turm" bekannt, der zum Wahrzeichen der französichen Hauptstadt wurde, und vielleicht weiß der eine oder andere auch, dass seine Firma das Innenleben der New Yorker Freiheitsstatue konstruiert hat. He then built a laboratory on the Champ de Mars at the foot of the tower in 1905, building his first wind tunnel there in 1909. and "Gustave Eiffel has gone mad: he has been confined in an Asylum" appeared in the popular press. ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft. He was a descendant of Jean-René Bönickhausen, who had emigrated from the German town of Marmagen and settled in Paris at the beginning of the 18th century. [19] The Eiffel Tower takes its name from the engineer Gustave Eiffel, but was actually designed by his senior engineers Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nugier. Biography An engineer, Gustave Eiffel designed 100’s of lattice- like metal structures of all kinds and sizes . Eiffel's proposal was for a bridge whose deck was supported by five iron piers, with the abutments of the pair on the river bank also bearing a central supporting arch. After a few months working as an unpaid assistant to his brother-in-law, who managed a foundry, Eiffel approached the railway engineer Charles Nepveu, who gave Eiffel his first paid job as his private secretary. The Tower is also important because of its role in establishing the aesthetic potential of structures whose appearance is largely dictated by practical considerations. Nachdem die Panamagesellschaft im Februar 1889 Konkurs anmelden musste, wurde Eiffel 1893 der Nichterfüllung schuldig gesprochen. Dezember 1880 verfügt wurde, den Namen „Eiffel“ an die Stelle von „Bonickhausen dit Eiffel“ zu setzen. The bridge over the Douro came about as the result of a competition held by the Royal Portuguese Railroad Company. mars 31, 1889 Interest. Claire Eiffel, Valentine Eiffel, and Laura Eiffel are their daughter. Renommé pour Constructions métalliques : ponts, Viaduc de Garabit (1884), Tour Eiffel (1887-1889). Eiffel's importance as an engineer was twofold. A temporary concession to Gustave Eiffel A convention was signed on January 8, 1887 between Gustave Eiffel and the other stakeholders’ representatives, Édouard Lockroy, Minister of Commerce, on behalf of the national government, and Eugène Poubelle, prefect for the Seine, on behalf of the City. The design of the Eiffel Tower was originated by Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier, who had discussed ideas for a centrepiece for the 1889 Exposition Universelle. Décès 27 décembre 1923 (à 91 ans). Die väterlichen Vorfahren Gustave Eiffels trugen den Namen Bonickhausen-Eiffel bzw. And for twenty years ... we shall see stretching like a blot of ink the hateful shadow of the hateful column of bolted sheet metal". Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (15 Desember 1832 – 27 Desember 1923) was 'n Franse strukturele en lugvaart ingenieur.Hy is gebore in Dijon.Hy behaal sy graad met lof aan die École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures.Hy was aanvanklik geïnteresseerd in strukturele ingenieurswese en voltooi die spoorwegbrug oor die Garonnerivier in Bordeaux.In 1889 voltooi hy die Eiffel-toring. Gustave Eiffel Inauguration. The members included Jean-Baptiste Krantz, Henri Dion and Léon Molinos, both of whom had known Eiffel for a long time: their report was favorable, and Eiffel got the job. Dezember 1880 durch Gerichtsbeschluss in Eiffel ändern. Seinem wichtigsten Projekt ging eine Patentanmeldung vom 18. Oktober 1878 beim Justizministerium beantragt und ausführlich begründet.[15]. They led, in 2010, to the decision to list Eiffel's Bordeaux bridge as a French Historical Monument. Like the Douro bridge, the project involved a lengthy viaduct crossing the river valley as well as the river itself, and Eiffel was given the job without any process of competitive tendering due to his success with the bridge over the Douro. Gustave Eiffel ever worked as a private secretary for a railway engineer before he becomes famous. The same year the company was given the contract for the Garabit viaduct, a railway bridge near Ruynes en Margeride in the Cantal département. [15] His first important commission was for two viaducts for the railway line between Lyon and Bordeaux, and the company also began to undertake work in other countries, including the church of San Marcos in Arica, Chile, which was an all-metal prefabricated building, manufactured in France and shipped to South America in pieces to be assembled on site. [16] The station in Budapest was an innovative design. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (born Bonickhausen dit Eiffel;[5] /ˈaɪfəl/; French pronunciation: ​[efɛl]; 15 December 1832 – 27 December 1923) was a French civil engineer. Gustave Eiffel starb 1923 im Alter von 91 Jahren und wurde auf dem Friedhof von Levallois-Perret, nordwestlich von Paris, beigesetzt. The components, some already riveted together into sub-assemblies, were first bolted together, the bolts being replaced by rivets as construction progressed. [37] Eiffel's interest in these areas was a consequence of the problems he had encountered with the effects of wind forces on the structures he had built. The growth of the railway network had an immense effect on people's lives, but although the enormous number of bridges and other work undertaken by Eiffel were an important part of this, the two works that did most to make him famous are the Statue of Liberty and the Eiffel Tower, both projects of immense symbolic importance and today internationally recognized landmarks. The name was changed to the Anciens Etablissements Eiffel in 1937.[36]. Eiffel died on 27 December 1923, while listening to Beethoven's 5th symphony andante, in his mansion on Rue Rabelais in Paris, France. Heute wäre Gustave Eiffel 187 Jahre alt. 1880 erhielt er den Zuschlag für den Bau des Viadukts von Garabit, das wegen seiner Höhe (122 Meter) und seiner gebogenen Form Aufsehen erregte und erst im Juli 1888 eröffnet werden konnte. Dezember 1832 geboren . [17] Gustave Eiffel was born in Burgundy, France, in the city of Dijon, Côte-d'Or, the first child of Catherine-Mélanie (née Moneuse) and Alexandre Bönickhausen (French pronunciation: [bɔnikozɑ̃]). [21], In 1881 Eiffel was contacted by Auguste Bartholdi who was in need of an engineer to help him to realise the Statue of Liberty. They had five children: Claire, born on 19 August 1863, Laure, Édouard, Valentine, and the youngest, Albert, born in August 1873. Using this Eiffel definitely established that the air resistance of a body was very closely related to the square of the airspeed. Dezember 1923 in Paris) war ein französischer Ingenieur mit deutschen Vorfahren. Most of the party chose to stop at the lower levels, but a few, including Nouguier, Compagnon, the President of the City Council and reporters from Le Figaro and Le Monde Illustré completed the climb. Oktober 1886 stattfand. The French Panama Canal Company, headed by Ferdinand de Lesseps, had been attempting to build a sea-level canal, but came to the realization that this was impractical. Further promotion within the company followed, but the business began to decline, and in 1865 Eiffel, seeing no future there, resigned and set up as an independent consulting engineer. Mai 1878. Suddenly, everything changes when Eiffel crosses paths with a mysterious woman from his past. Eiffel established that the lift produced by an airfoil was the result of a reduction of air pressure above the wing rather than an increase of pressure acting on the under surface. City of Paris Inscription ... and lectures were collected, put in order, and published in eleven volumes by his sons MM. On 9 February 1893 Eiffel was found guilty on the charge of misuse of funds, and was fined 20,000 francs and sentenced to two years in prison,[33] although he was acquitted on appeal. [10] Inzwischen unterzeichnete Eiffel Ende 1887 den folgenschwersten Vertrag seiner Laufbahn, als er für den von Ferdinand de Lesseps geplanten Panama-Kanal 30 Schleusen liefern sollte, die ab 1. Als Eiffels deutscher Stammvater gilt dem bisherigen genealogischen Wissensstand zufolge Leo Heinrich Bönickhausen, der Ende des 17. His first aerodynamic experiments, an investigation of the air resistance of surfaces, was carried out by dropping the surface to be investigated together with a measuring apparatus down a vertical cable stretched between the second level of the Eiffel Tower and the ground. An important part in his education was played by his uncle, Jean-Baptiste Mollerat, who had invented a process for distilling vinegar and had a large chemical works near Dijon, and one of his uncle's friends, the chemist Michel Perret. Dezember 1832 als Alexandre Gustave Bonickhausen dit Eiffel[1] in Dijon; † 27. Der nach dem Erbauer Gustave Eiffel benannte und zum Errichtungszeitpunkt noch 312 Meter hohe Turm war von seiner Erbauung bis zur Fertigstellung des Chrysler Building 1930 in New York das höchste Bauwerk der Welt. [9] Dijon, (France). Some work had already been carried out by Eugène Viollet-Le-Duc, but he had died in 1879. Contents Biography - Studies - Career Works - Buildings and structures - Bridges - Eiffel Tower - Statue of Liberty - Nice Observatory 3. A budget for the Exposition was passed and on 1 May Lockroy announced an alteration to the terms of the open competition which was being held for a centerpiece for the exposition, which effectively made the choice of Eiffel's design a foregone conclusion: all entries had to include a study for a 300 m (980 ft) four-sided metal tower on the Champ de Mars. Find art you love and shop high-quality art prints, photographs, framed artworks and posters at Art.com. Alexandre was born on January 15 1832, in Dijon, 21, Cote d'Or. Despite being one of the most important engineers and aerodynamicists of his age, Gustave Eiffel’s reputation ultimately rests on two instantly recognisable landmarks: the Eiffel Tower and the Statue of Liberty.

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