Three range categories were defined: the A-market would cover domestic and regional operations, the B-market would cover routes from Europe to the US West coast and the C-market the longest transpacific routes. [210] [251][250][252] The official accident investigation concluded in June 2014 that the pilots committed 20 to 30 minor to significant errors in their final approach, and that complexities of the automated controls contributed to the accident. The following are significant events involving the aircraft model. Air Traffic Control's last reported coordinates for the aircraft were over the South China Sea at 6°55′15″N 103°34′43″E / 6.92083°N 103.57861°E / 6.92083; 103.57861. [239] The aircraft, operated by British Airways, suffered fire damage to the lower wing panels and engine housing; it was later repaired and returned to service. [269] The preliminary investigation indicated that the aircraft was attempting a landing during active wind shear conditions. [253][254], The probable fourth hull loss occurred on March 8, 2014 when a 777-200ER carrying 227 passengers and 12 crew, en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing as Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, was reported missing. [53], On February 29, 2000, Boeing launched its next-generation twinjet program,[95] initially called 777-X,[87] and began issuing offers to airlines. [9] The aircraft also features the largest landing gear and the biggest tires ever used in a commercial jetliner. General Electric offered to develop the GE90-115B engine,[53] while Rolls-Royce proposed developing the Trent 8104 engine. The Boeing 737 Max has been grounded since March of 2019 after two aircraft crashes killing everyone on board. [123], In November 2013, with orders and commitments totaling 259 aircraft from Lufthansa, Emirates, Qatar Airways, and Etihad Airways, Boeing formally launched the 777X program, the third generation of the 777 (not to be confused with the 777-X variants, which were the second generation of the aircraft), with two models: the 777-8 and 777-9. [198] Its direct competitors have included the Airbus A340-600 and the A350-1000. [247], The third hull loss occurred on July 6, 2013 when a 777-200ER, operating as Asiana Airlines Flight 214, crashed while landing at San Francisco International Airport after touching down short of the runway. [181] Singapore Airlines ordered over half of its -200ERs de-rated. [40] The fuselage diameter was increased to suit Cathay Pacific, the baseline model grew longer for All Nippon Airways, and British Airways' input led to added built-in testing and interior flexibility,[21] along with higher operating weight options. Max. Box 3707, M/C 20-89 Seattle, Washington 98124-2207 USA Attn: Senior Manager, Flight Training & Technical Data. [43] Major assembly of the first aircraft began on January 4, 1993. [211], The 777X is to feature new GE9X engines and new composite wings with folding wingtips. [114], In 2010, Boeing announced plans to increase production from 5 aircraft per month to 7 aircraft per month by mid-2011, and 8.3 per month by early 2013. [266][267] The official accident report, released in October 2015, states that airliner was brought down by a Buk missile launched from territory held by pro-Russian separatists. It is the world's largest twinjet and commonly referred to as the Triple Seven. [152] The aircraft has triple redundant hydraulic systems with only one system required for landing. [82] The -300ER, which combined the -300's added capacity with the -200ER's range, became the top-selling 777 variant in the late 2000s,[98] benefitting as airlines replaced comparable four-engine models with twinjets for their lower operating costs. The 777-300ER was to shed 1,800 lb (820 kg) by replacing the fuselage crown with tie rods and composite integration panels, similar to those used on the 787. [88], In March 1997, the Boeing board approved the 777-200X/300X specifications: 298 passengers in three classes over 8,600 nmi (15,900 km) for the 200X and 6,600 nmi (12,200 km) with 355 passengers in a tri-class layout for the 300X, with design freeze planned in May 1998, 200X certification in August 2000, and introduction in September and in January 2001 for the 300X. Boeing 777 plane crashes. [194], Following flight testing, aerodynamic refinements have reduced fuel burn by an additional 1.4%. [172], The initial 777-200 made its maiden flight on June 12, 1994 and was first delivered to United Airlines on May 15, 1995. [124] The 777-8 provides seating for 384 passengers and has a range of 8,730 nmi (16,170 km) while the 777-9 has seating for 426 passengers and a range of over 7,285 nmi (13,500 km). By the mid-2010s, the 777 had become prevalent on the longest flights internationally and had become the most widely used airliner for transpacific routes, with variants of the type operating over half of all scheduled flights and with the majority of transpacific carriers. These long haul variants feature 110,000–115,300 lbf (489–513 kN) GE90 engines and extended raked wingtips. [54] By the start of production, the program had amassed 118 firm orders, with options for 95 more from 10 airlines. The projected operational empty weight is 168,560 kg (371,610 lb) in airline configuration, at a weight of 216,370 kg (477,010 lb) and FL350, total fuel flow is 6,790 kg/h (14,960 lb/h) at M0.84/472 kn (874 km/h), rising to 8,890 kg (19,600 lb)/h at M0.87/506 kn (937 km/h). Norris, Guy. Visit the British Airways flight 38 page for additional information, including findings from the crash investigation. [24] By 1988, Boeing realized that the only answer was a new clean-sheet design, which became the 777 twin-jet. As of February 2019[update], the 777 has been involved in 28 aviation accidents and incidents,[13] including seven hull losses (five in-flight and two in ground incidents) resulting in 541 fatalities along with three hijackings. [16] In 1978, Boeing unveiled three new models: the twin-engine Boeing 757 to replace its 727, the twin-engine 767 to challenge the Airbus A300, and a trijet 777 concept to compete with the DC-10 and L-1011. [210] [140] In 2003, Boeing began offering the option of cockpit electronic flight bag computer displays. [43] This lets engineers assemble a virtual aircraft, in simulation, to check for interference and verify that the thousands of parts fit properly—thus reducing costly rework. [268], The fifth confirmed hull loss occurred on August 3, 2016, when a 777-300 crashed while landing and caught fire at Dubai Airport at the end of its flight as Emirates Flight 521. [208] New-build 777-300ER freighters may maintain the delivery rate at five per month, to bridge the production gap until the 777X is delivered. British Airways Flight 38 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Beijing Capital International Airport in Beijing, China to London Heathrow Airport in London, United Kingdom.On 17 January 2008, the Boeing 777-200ER aircraft operating the flight crashed just … The passengers and crew were deplaned, and the fire was extinguished, but not before causing substantial damage to the aircraft. [101][187] Twelve different -200LR customers took delivery of 60 aircraft, with one unfilled order. [136], As of 2019[update], Boeing lists prices for the 777-200ER, -200LR, 777F, -300ER, 777-8, and 777-9 variants. The 777 has been ordered and delivered more than any other wide-body airliner; as of August 2019[update], more than 60 customers had placed orders for 2,049 aircraft of all variants, with 1,609 delivered. [82] With a 545,000 lb (247 t) MTOW and 77,000 lbf (340 kN) engines, it has a range of 5,240 nautical miles (9,700 km) with 305 passengers in a three-class configuration. [12], In 2017, 777 Classics are reaching the end of their mainline service: with a -200 age ranging from three to 22 years, 43 Classic 777s or 7.5% of the fleet have been retired./> Values of 777-200ERs have declined by 45% since January 2014, faster than Airbus A330s and Boeing 767s with 30%, due to the lack of a major secondary market but only a few budget, air charters and ACMI operators. "777 Triple Seven Revolution". [244][245] Investigators found these were also caused by ice in the fuel clogging the FOHE. Competing on similar French overseas departments destinations, Air Caraïbes has 389 seats on the A350-900 and 429 on the -1000. [80] Development was slowed by an industry downturn during the early 2000s. [156] The 777's windows were the largest of any current commercial airliner until the 787, and measure 15-inch (380 mm) by 10-inch (250 mm) in size (all models outside the 777-8 and -9). [90] Rolls-Royce was also studying a Trent 8102 over 445 kN (100,000 lbf). [90] GE was proposing a 454 kN (102,000 lbf) GE90-102B, while P&W offered its 436 kN (98,000 lbf) PW4098 and R-R was proposing a 437 kN (98,000 lbf) Trent 8100. The original 777 with a maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 545,000–660,000 lb (247–299 t) was produced in two fuselage lengths: the initial -200 was followed by the extended-range 777-200ER in 1997; and the 33.25 ft (10.13 m) longer 777-300 in 1998. The 777X features composite wings with folding wingtips and General Electric GE9X engines. [208] After having considered a -200ER P2F program, Boeing was hoping to conclude its study by the Fall as the 777X replacing aging -300ERs from 2020 will generate feedstock. [165] These improvements, of which the latter is the most important and was derived from work to develop the 787, were stated by GE to lower fuel burn by 0.5%. [189], Launched at the Paris Air Show on June 26, 1995, its major assembly started in March 1997 and its body was joined on July 21, it was rolled-out on September 8 and made its first flight on October 16. The plane slammed into an Aeroflot Ilyushin 86 aircraft, destroying the aircraft. [83] Offering greater long-haul performance, the variant became the most widely ordered version of the aircraft through the early 2000s. [26] The initial proposal featured a longer fuselage and larger wings than the existing 767,[25] along with winglets. [132], In tandem with the development of the third generation Boeing 777X, Boeing worked with General Electric to offer a 2% improvement in fuel efficiency to in-production 777-300ER aircraft. [84] The -300 was awarded type certification simultaneously from the FAA and JAA on May 4, 1998,[85] and entered service with launch customer Cathay Pacific on May 27, 1998. [12] It competed with the A340-300. [47], The production process included substantial international content, an unprecedented level of global subcontracting for a Boeing jetliner,[48] later exceeded by the 787. It is recognizable for its large-diameter turbofan engines, six wheels on each main landing gear, fully circular fuselage cross-section,[8] and a blade-shaped tail cone. Aviation Week & Space Technology, February 16 – March 1, 2015, pp. Each tire of a 777-300ER six-wheel main landing gear can carry a load of 59,490 lb (26,980 kg), which is heavier than other wide-bodies such as the 747-400. [148] Folding wingtips reemerged as a design feature at the announcement of the upgraded 777X in 2013. The aircraft was preparing to depart on a scheduled international flight from Cairo, Egypt to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. [248] The aircraft sustained structural-, heat- and smoke damage, and was written off. [124] The 777-9 was to be a further stretched variant with a capacity of over 400 passengers and a range of over 15,200 km (8,200 nmi), whereas the 777-8 was slated to seat approximately 350 passengers and have a range of over 17,200 km (9,300 nmi). Haenggi, Michael. The first crash killed 189 people, the second crash killed 157. [91] Reportedly, the 777 could eventually be replaced by a new aircraft family, Yellowstone 3, which would draw upon technologies from the 787. [75] Boeing states that the 777 fleet has a dispatch reliability (rate of departure from the gate with no more than 15 minutes delay due to technical issues) above 99 percent. [125][126], By April 2014, with cumulative sales surpassing those of the 747, the 777 became the best-selling wide-body airliner; at existing production rates, the aircraft was on track to become the most-delivered wide-body airliner by mid-2016. [118], By the late 2000s, the 777 was facing increased potential competition from Airbus' planned A350 XWB and internally from proposed 787 variants,[113] both airliners that offer fuel efficiency improvements. [58], Boeing delivered the first 777 to United Airlines on May 15, 1995. While the 300 people onboard the wide-body evacuated alive, a firefighter was killed when tackling the fire. [6][7] Other notations include "773ER"[171] and "773B" for the -300ER. [103], The production freighter model, the 777F, rolled out on May 23, 2008. [10], From the program's start, Boeing had considered building ultra-long-range variants. [92] [61] General Electric subsequently announced engine upgrades. The prototype was rolled out on April 9, 1994, and first flew on June 12, 1994. [167] The A-market would be covered by a 4,200 nmi (7,800 km) range, 234 t (516,000 lb) MTOW aircraft for 353 to 374 passengers powered by 316 kN (71,000 lbf) engines, followed by a 6,600 nmi (12,200 km) B-market range for 286 passengers in three-class, with 365 kN (82,000 lbf) unit thrust and 263 t (580,000 lb) of MTOW, an A340 competitor, basis of an A-market 409 to 434 passengers stretch, and eventually a 7,600 nmi (14,000 km) C-market with 400 kN (90,000 lbf) engines. [144], The wings on the 777 feature a supercritical airfoil design that is swept back at 31.6 degrees and optimized for cruising at Mach 0.83 (revised after flight tests up to Mach 0.84). The plane type Boeing 777-300 is also known as ICAO type designator B773 and features 2 engines. The Boeing 777 is a wide-body airliner developed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. [183] As with the -300ER and 777F, the -200LR is equipped with wingtip extensions of 12.8 ft (3.90 m). [161][162] The 747-8 and 767-400ER have also adopted the larger, more rounded windows of the original 777. Other Boeing Models: 717, 727, 737 747, 757, 767, 777, 787. [72] Each engine-aircraft combination had secured ETOPS-180 certification from the point of entry into service. Out of the 136 passengers, and 16 crew members, only 18 minor injuries were reported. Norris, Guy. [118], A total of 1,416 aircraft (all variants) were in airline service as of July 2018[update], with Emirates (163), United Airlines (91), Air France (70), Cathay Pacific (69), American Airlines (67), Qatar Airways (67), British Airways (58), Korean Air (53), All Nippon Airways (50), Singapore Airlines (46), and other operators with fewer aircraft of the type. [45] Boeing was initially not convinced of CATIA's abilities and built a physical mock-up of the nose section to verify its results. [142], The airframe incorporates the use of composite materials, which comprise nine percent of its original structural weight (all models outside the 777-8 and 777-9). [17][18][19] The mid-size 757 and 767 launched to market success, due in part to 1980s' extended-range twin-engine operational performance standards (ETOPS) regulations governing transoceanic twinjet operations. [119] In 2010, the variant further received a 5,000 lb (2,300 kg) maximum zero-fuel weight increase, equivalent to a higher payload of 20–25 passengers; its GE90-115B1 engines received a 1–2.5 percent thrust enhancement for increased takeoff weights at higher-altitude airports. [206] The company has been in discussion with several airline customers, including FedEx Express, UPS Airlines, and GE Capital Aviation Services, to provide launch orders for a 777 BCF program. [14][15], In the early 1970s, the Boeing 747, McDonnell Douglas DC-10, and the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar became the first generation of wide-body passenger airliners to enter service. Within the 811 777-300ERs delivered and 33 to be delivered by October 2019, GE Capital Aviation Services (GECAS) anticipates up to 150-175 orders through 2030, the four to five months conversion costing around $35m. [10], The 777 surpassed 2,000 orders by the end of 2018. [178] Boeing proposes the 787-10 to replace it. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration publicly affirmed the airw Its higher MTOW and increased fuel capacity permits a maximum range of 7,370 nautical miles (13,650 km) with 396 passengers in a two-class seating arrangement. Boeing 777 orders and deliveries (cumulative, by year): Orders[1][2] and deliveries[3] through October 31, 2020, As of July 2020[update], the 777 has been involved in 29 aviation accidents and incidents,[13] including a total of eight hull losses (five in-flight and three on-ground incidents), resulting in 541 fatalities along with three hijackings. [210] [119][120][121] Emirates was reportedly working closely with Boeing on the project, in conjunction with being a potential launch customer for new 777 versions. [201] The -300ER is the best-selling 777 variant, having surpassed the -200ER in orders in 2010 and deliveries in 2013. In October 2020, GECAS announced the launch operator from 2023: Michigan-based Kalitta Air, already operating 24 747-400Fs, nine 767-300ERFs and three 777-200LRFs. [169] The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aircraft type designator system adds a preceding manufacturer letter, in this case "B" for Boeing, hence "B772" or "B773". [165] agl, the right engine of G-YMMM ceased responding to autothrottle commands for increased power and instead the power reduced on both engines. Emirates Boeing 777 aircraft, flying from India, crash-landed in Dubai (UAE) as it was attempting to fly a go-around, bursting into flames minutes later. [173] The -200 was primarily aimed at U.S. domestic airlines,[23] although several Asian carriers and British Airways have also operated the type. [28] The company opted for the twin-engine configuration given past design successes, projected engine developments, and reduced-cost benefits. [137] Along with traditional yoke and rudder controls, the cockpit features a simplified layout that retains similarities to previous Boeing models. [241][242] The accident was attributed to ice crystals suspended in the aircraft's fuel clogging the fuel-oil heat exchanger (FOHE). [116] The smaller Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the first stage of a replacement aircraft initiative called the Boeing Yellowstone Project,[117] entered service in 2011. [145] The wings are designed with increased thickness and a longer span than previous airliners, resulting in greater payload and range, improved takeoff performance, and a higher cruising altitude. [23][166] Passengers and cargo capacity varies by fuselage length: the 777-300 has a stretched fuselage compared to the base 777-200. [82][86], The first generation of Boeing 777 models, the -200, -200ER, and -300 have since been known collectively as Boeing 777 Classics. An aircraft technician was the only occupant on board and evacuated safely. [129] In 2018, assembling test 777-9 aircraft was expected to lower output to an effective rate of 5.5 per month. [53] Under the deal with General Electric, Boeing agreed to only offer GE90 engines on new 777 versions. [238][243] Two other minor momentary losses of thrust with Trent 895 engines occurred later in 2008. [181][182], The 777-200LR ("LR" for Long Range), the C-market model, entered service in 2006 as one of the longest-range commercial airliners. [142], Unlike smaller airliners like the Boeing 737, no current 777 wings have winglets; instead, the exceptionally long raked wings of the 777 serve the same drag-reducing function. French Bee’s is even more dense with its 411 seats A350-900, due to 10-abreast economy seating, reaching a €.04 CASK according to Air France, and lower again with its 480 seats -1000. [113] Using two engines produces a typical operating cost advantage of around 8–9% for the -300ER over the A340-600. [112] In 2007, orders for second-generation 777 models approached 350 aircraft,[113] and in November of that year, Boeing announced that all production slots were sold out to 2012. 18 June 2009; Continental Airlines 777; Flight 61; en route from Brussels to Newark: The captain of Continental Airlines Flight 61, a 777 en route from Brussels to Newark, died while the aircraft was in flight over the Atlantic. Boeing's wing modifications were intended to deliver the remainder. [2][231] The 1,000th 777 off the production line, a -300ER set to be Emirates' 102nd 777, was unveiled at a factory ceremony in March 2012. [99] The -300ER has an operating cost of US$44 per seat hour, compared to an Airbus A380's roughly US$50 per seat hour (hourly cost is about US$26,000), and US$90 per seat hour for a Boeing 747-400 as of 2015[update]. [2], As of July 2018[update], 338 examples of the -200ER are in airline service. [270] There were no passenger casualties of the 300 people on board, however, one airport fireman was killed fighting the fire. North, David. [82] The first model to emerge from the program, the 777-300ER, was launched with an order for ten aircraft from Air France,[96] along with additional commitments. [21] Boeing selected its Everett factory in Washington, home of 747 production, as the 777's final assembly site. The numbered events are those involving at least one passenger death where the aircraft flight had a direct or indirect role, and where at least one of the dead passengers was not a stowaway, hijacker, or saboteur. It initially competed with Airbus A340 and McDonnell Douglas MD-11, both now out of production, and currently competes with the Airbus A330-300 and newer Airbus A350 XWB. 767, 777, 787, Related information [12] The last -300 was delivered in 2006 while the longer-range -300ER started deliveries in 2004. The first member of the 777X family, the 777-9, was set to enter service by 2020. On March 11, the Civil Aviation Administration of China ordered the first nationwide grounding, followed by most other aviation authorities in quick succession. [101] On November 10, 2005, the first -200LR set a record for the longest non-stop flight of a passenger airliner by flying 11,664 nautical miles (21,602 km) eastward from Hong Kong to London. [51] An agreement between Boeing and the Japan Aircraft Development Corporation, representing Japanese aerospace contractors, made the latter risk-sharing partners for 20 percent of the entire development program. [177] The 777-300ER features raked and extended wingtips, a strengthened fuselage and wings and a modified main landing gear. 29 July 2011; EgyptAir; 777-200ER; SU-GBP; flight 667; Cairo, Egypt: [32] This was a departure from industry practice, where manufacturers typically designed aircraft with minimal customer input. Troubled US air manufacturer Boeing celebrates a badly needed success with the maiden flight of its delayed 777-9X, the world's longest and largest twin-engine airliner. [99] The program backlog of 356 orders was valued at US$95 billion at list prices in 2008. On October 16, 1997, the 777-300 made its first flight. [207], In July 2018, Boeing was studying a 777-300ER freighter conversion, targeted for the volumetric market instead of the density market served by the 777F. This helps reduce weight and simplifies the aircraft's braking and hydraulic systems. But the Boeing 777 is considered a staple of major airlines' long-haul fleets and has never been involved in a fatal accident since entering service in June 1995. [89] However, the -100X would have carried fewer passengers than the -200 while having similar operating costs, leading to a higher cost per seat. Longer range variants were launched on February 29, 2000 and were first delivered on April 29, 2004. [190], It has ground maneuvering cameras for taxiing and a tailskid to rotate, while the proposed 716,000 lb (324.6 t) MTOW -300X would have needed a semi-levered main gear. [76][77][78][79], After the original model, Boeing developed an increased gross weight variant of the 777-200 with greater range and payload capability. [200], The first -300ER was delivered to Air France on April 29, 2004. [137] This system can be overridden by the pilot if deemed necessary. Until the two crashes, the Max was Boeing’s most successful plane ever. [272], The seventh confirmed hull loss occurred on July 22, 2020, when a 777F of Ethiopian Airlines experienced a fire while at the cargo area of Shanghai Pudong International Airport. The Boeing 777's unique combination of superior range, outstanding fuel efficiency and passenger-preferred comfort has created long-range success for carriers around the world. The following are significant events involving the aircraft model. [102] Lasting 22 hours and 42 minutes, the flight surpassed the -200LR's standard design range and was logged in the Guinness World Records. [44] Boeing developed its high-performance visualization system, FlyThru, later called IVT (Integrated Visualization Tool) to support large-scale collaborative engineering design reviews, production illustrations, and other uses of the CAD data outside of engineering. [88][89] By the late 1990s, design plans shifted to longer-range versions of existing models. The pilots initiated a go-around procedure shortly after the main wheels touched-down onto the runway, however, the aircraft settled back onto the ground apparently due to late throttle application. The aircraft sustained heat damage and was written off. The Boeing 777-2H6ER took off from Kuala Lumpur Airport runway 32R at 0041LT bound for Beijing. The new flight control software was to eliminate the need for the tail skid by keeping the tail off the runway surface regardless of the extent to which pilots command the elevators. [35] In January 1993, a team of United developers joined other airline teams and Boeing designers at the Everett factory. [154], The original 777 interior, also known as the Boeing Signature Interior, features curved panels, larger overhead bins, and indirect lighting. [147] In 2013, a new wing made of composite materials was introduced for the upgraded 777X, with a wider span and design features based on the 787's wings. [108] As of August 2019[update], 170 freighters had been delivered to 23 different customers, with 60 unfilled orders. [73] By June 1997, orders for the 777 numbered 323 from 25 airlines, including satisfied launch customers that had ordered additional aircraft. It can accommodate up to ten abreast seating layout and has a typical 3-class capacity of 301 to 368 passengers, with a range of 5,240 to 8,555 nautical miles (9,700 to 15,840 km). Two passengers, who had not been wearing their seatbelts, were ejected from the aircraft during the crash and were killed. [55] Total investment in the program was estimated at over US$4 billion from Boeing, with an additional US$2 billion from suppliers. The 307 surviving passengers and crew on board evacuated before fire destroyed the aircraft. [27] Later plans expanded the fuselage cross-section but retained the existing 767 flight deck, nose, and other elements. There has been two real-world crash landing since the aircraft was introduced in 1995. [265] All 298 people (283 passengers and 15 crew) on board were killed, making this the deadliest crash involving the Boeing 777. [204], As the aircraft promises improved operating economics compared to older freighters,[99] airlines have viewed the 777F as a replacement for freighters such as the Boeing 747-200F, McDonnell Douglas MD-10 and McDonnell Douglas MD-11F. [12] As of August 2019[update], -300ER deliveries to 45 different customers totalled 810, with 34 unfilled orders. [14][15] The first fatality involving the twinjet occurred in a fire while an aircraft was being refueled at Denver International Airport in the United States on September 5, 2001, during which a ground worker sustained fatal burns. The captain was replaced by a reserve first officer and the crew declared an emergency. [192] Its wings have an aspect ratio of 9.0. As of July 2020 , the 777 has been involved in 29 aviation accidents and incidents, including a total of eight hull losses (five in-flight and three on-ground incidents), resulting in 541 fatalities along with three hijackings. [48] The initial 777-200 model was launched with propulsion options from three manufacturers, General Electric, Pratt & Whitney, and Rolls-Royce,[52] giving the airlines their choice of engines from competing firms. [146] This capacity allows the 777-200LR to operate ultra-long-distance, trans-polar routes such as Toronto to Hong Kong. Recent plane crashes [153] A ram air turbine—a small retractable device which can provide emergency power—is also fitted in the wing root fairing. [106] FAA and EASA type certification for the freighter was received on February 6, 2009,[107] and the first delivery to launch customer Air France took place on February 19, 2009. [20] The trijet 777 was later dropped, following marketing studies that favored the 757 and 767 variants. Some 40 minutes later, while reaching FL350 over the Gulf of Thailand, radar contact was lost. Nine different -200 customers have taken delivery of 88 aircraft,[2] with 55 in airline service as of July 2018[update]. [108][109], Initially second to the 747 as Boeing's most profitable jetliner,[110] the 777 became the company's most lucrative model in the 2000s. [257][258] The cause remains unknown, but the Malaysian Government in January 2015, declared it an accident. These changes were to increase fuel efficiency and allow airlines to add 14 additional seats to the airplane, increasing per seat fuel efficiency by 5%. [53] Each manufacturer agreed to develop an engine in the 77,000 lbf (340 kN) and higher thrust class (a measure of jet engine output) for the world's largest twinjet. In January 2016, Boeing confirmed plans to reduce the production rate of the 777 family from 8.3 per month to 7 per month in 2017 to help close the production gap between the 777 and 777X created by a lack of new orders. [190] Boeing wanted to deliver 170 -300s by 2006 and to produce 28 per year by 2002, to replace Boeing 747 Classics, burning one-third less fuel with 40% lower maintenance costs. [23], By the late 1980s, DC-10 and L-1011 models were approaching retirement age, prompting manufacturers to develop replacement designs.

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