Thenceforth, he comported himself as a humble and loyal servant of the king, who, however, was long at pains to keep him from any military command. The moral temper and philosophy of this prince, so removed from the conventional standards of his day, were revealed by his libertine youth and by doctrinally questionable relationships—among them that with Pierre-Michon Bourdelot, a philosopher and skeptical doctor, and with the philosopher Spinoza, whom he tried to meet in Holland—by his nonobservance of all religious practices, and by his aggressive atheism—despite his honourable fidelity to the Jesuits who had instructed him. Although Louise Françoise survived, Condé became ill, allegedly from worry over her health; he died at Fontainebleau on 11 November 1686 at the age of sixty-five, and was buried at Vallery, traditional resting place of the Princes of Condé. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [4] In 1644 he was sent with reinforcements into Germany to the assistance of Turenne, who was hard pressed, and took command of the whole army.[5]. Turenne and his brother the Duke of Bouillon were among those who had escaped arrest; they now demanded the prisoners' freedom, leading to a short-lived alliance between the Fronde des nobles and the Fronde des parlements. This was his last campaign and victory. Author of. After the Peace of the Pyrenees had been signed (1659), Condé returned to Paris and, reentering the king’s good graces, was received by him at Aix-en-Provence on Jan. 27, 1660. About this time, convoluted negotiations between the Poles were carried on with a view to the royal elections in Poland, at first by Condé's son, Henri Jules de Bourbon, and afterwards by Condé himself. (This dream of kingship he was to pursue vainly for several years.). Pendant les troubles de la Fronde, il adopte une attitude ambiguë. He married Anne de Forez (1358-1417) 19 August 1371 JL . He was one of Louis XIV's most pre-eminent generals. Louis II de Bourbon, né le 4 février 1337, mort au château de Montluçon le 10 août 1410, fut duc de Bourbon de 1356 à 1410, baron de Combrailles en 1400 et comte de Forez par mariage. Louis II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé (8 September 1621 – 11 December 1686), known as the Great Condé (French: Le Grand Condé) for his military exploits, was a French general and the most illustrious representative of the Condé branch of the House of Bourbon. In mid-1686, Louise Françoise, later known as 'Madame la Duchesse', contracted smallpox while at Fontainebleau; Condé helped nurse her back to health, and prevented Louis from seeing her for his own safety. Then, totally restored to Louis XIV’s favour, Condé, with Turenne, was placed by the king in command of the army that was going to invade the United Provinces of the Netherlands (1672). Conde is regarded as an excellent tactician, a fine strategist,[11] and one of the greatest French generals. Louis II Capet de Bourbon, Duke of Bourbon, Count of Forez, Baron of Combrailles, was born 4 February 1337 to Pierre I de Bourbon (1311-1356) and Isabella de Valois (1313-1383) and died 10 August 1410 inMontluçon of unspecified causes. [a][9] This battle, fought on August 11, was one of the hardest of the century, and Condé, who displayed the reckless bravery of his youth, had three horses killed under him. Condé is particularly celebrated for his triumphs in the Thirty Years' War, notably at Rocroi, and his campaigns against the Grand Alliance in the Franco-Dutch War. Louis II de Bourbon-Condé dit le Grand Condé, connu d'abord sous le titre de duc d'Enghien, né le 8 septembre 1621 à Paris et mort le 11 décembre 1686 à Fontainebleau [1], est un prince du sang français. It might be outdated or ideologically biased. After this campaign, prematurely worn out by toils and excesses, and tortured by gout, Condé returned to the Château de Chantilly, where he spent his last eleven years in quiet retirement. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. (They were in prison for 13 months.) [10] In his last letter to Louis, he asked that his estranged wife never be released from her exile to the countryside; she survived until 1694. Louis II, Duke of Bourbon was born in 1337, to Peter I, Duke of Bourbon and Isabella of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon. Anonymous (Author) See all 4 formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. Corrections? Louis’s father died on Dec. 26, 1646, and he then became both prince de Condé and heir to an enormous fortune. With varying fortunes he opposed the royal army for four years more but was finally defeated at the Battle of the Dunes before Dunkirk (Dunkerque) on June 14, 1658. 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But he was also a man of wide intellectual interests, of unconventional habits, and possessed of an uncommonly sound independence of mind. His father gave to the duc d’Enghien, as the Great Condé was at first called, a complete and strict education: six years with the Jesuits at Bourges, as well as mathematics and horsemanship at the Royal Academy at Paris. During the Fronde, he was courted by both sides, initially supporting Mazarin; he later became a leader of the princely opposition. Surnommé le Bon Duc , il est considéré par ses contemporains comme le modèle du prince idéal . He followed his success at Rocroi with successes in the area of the Rhine at Thionville and Sierck. Portraits and busts of Condé suggest rapacity: wide, protruding eyes and a prominently downcurving “Bourbon” nose dominate a thin and bony face in which a willful mouth overshadows a receding chin. Navigate parenthood with the help of the Raising Curious Learners podcast. Il fit de solides études chez les Jésuites, à Bourges, et à l'âge de 17 ans, gouverna le duché de Bourgogne pour son père. To these traits he added peerless courage—as may be seen by his help and protection of Protestants who were persecuted after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685). When he succeeded in 1646 as 'Prince of Condé,' his combination of military ability, noble status, and enormous wealth inspired considerable apprehension in Anne of Austria, regent for the young Louis XIV, and her prime minister Mazarin. CONDÉ, LOUIS II. [1] His father was a first cousin-once-removed of Henry IV, the King of France, and his mother was an heiress of one of France's leading ducal families. Grand capitaine de son temps, ce prince sage servit avec fidélité la monarchie française pendant plus d’un demi-siècle. [12] His masterpiece, the Battle of Rocroi, is still studied by students of military strategy. Condé, however, again tried to extract too high a price for his goodwill toward the queen regent. Having completed the evacuation of the United Provinces, he halted the prince of Orange’s army at Seneffe in the Spanish Netherlands (Aug. 11, 1674), then raised the siege of Oudenarde. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The resulting uncertain balance of power between crown and nobility inspired Condé to rebel himself, starting the far more serious Fronde des nobles. Louis II De Bourbon (French Edition) [Anonymous, .] The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). As Mazarin had intended, Condé could achieve little; however, a Spanish revival in the Low Countries led to his recall and victory at Lens in August 1648. Though he was without doubt, with Turenne, the greatest captain of his day, he was also a man of unrestrained temper and limitless pride—in himself, his race, and his house. But it was in his eagerness for battle, his quick decision in action, and the stern will which sent his regiments to face the heaviest losses, that Condé earned the right to be compared to the great generals of his time. 86693155, citing Church of Saint-Georges (Defunct), Vendome, Departement du Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France ; Maintained by Lutetia (contributor 46580078) . His descendants include the present-day pretenders to the throne of France and Italy and the kings of Spain and Belgium. The following year, again in the company of Louis XIV and of the army of Flanders, he had to reach Alsace, which had been threatened by Turenne’s death, hastily. Director of the Municipal Council of Paris and General Council of the Seine, 1947–67. Louis II de Bourbon, 4e prince de Condé, byname the Great Condé, French le Grand Condé, also called duc d’Enghien, (born Sept. 8, 1621, Paris, France—died Dec. 11, 1686, Fontainebleau), leader of the last of the series of aristocratic uprisings in France known as the Fronde (1648–53). Condé, Louis II de Bourbon Born Sept. 8, 1621, in Paris; died Dec. 11, 1686, in Fontainebleau. In January 1650, he was arrested, along with Conti and Longueville; imprisoned at Vincennes, and when asked if he needed reading material, he allegedly replied 'The memoirs of M de Beaufort,' who had made a dramatic escape from the same prison two years earlier.[7]. But a change in his destiny came with the civil wars of the Fronde. Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Bourbon (20 September 1652, Bordeaux – 11 April 1653, Bordeaux), died in infancy. By 1648, this had become an increasingly bitter, multi-sided conflict between the Spanish, the Catalan nobility supported by France, and the Catalan peasantry. He was wounded in the famous crossing of the Rhine near Arnhem (June 12, 1672) but, nevertheless, went on to defend Alsace from invasion. He later became one of King Louis XIV’s greatest generals. She was barely 13, and they began so badly that the cardinal summoned him to Narbonne (1642). The princes de Condé were the heads of an important French branch of the House of Bourbon. Louis II de Bourbon, né le 4 février 1337, mort au château de Montluçon le 10 août 1410, fut duc de Bourbon de 1356 à 1410, baron de Combrailles en 1388 et comte de Forez par mariage. [5], When the aristocracy took up arms against new taxes in the Fronde rebellion, Condé was recalled to Court by Anne of Austria. For his military prowess he was called The Great Condé (Le Grand Condé). [5], After a campaign of uninterrupted success, Enghien returned to Paris in triumph, and tried to forget his enforced and hateful marriage with a series of affairs (after Richelieu's death in 1642 he would unsuccessfully seek annulment of his marriage in hopes of marrying Mlle du Vigean, until she joined the order of the Carmelites in 1647). Even on his military campaigns he read the novels of Gaultier de Coste de La Calprenède, the histories of Livy, and the tragedies of Pierre Corneille. Despite victory over Turenne at Valenciennes in 1656,[2] defeat at the Battle of the Dunes in June 1658[8] led to the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. The second phase was a pale reflection of the aristocratic resistance during the Wars of Religion; and, although Condé succeeded in gaining control of Paris, he did not acquire the support of the Parlement except briefly and under duress. This Louis F. de Bourbon you never the Duke de PenthieVre. French military leader. The Battle of Freiburg was desperately contested but after Rocroi, numerous fortresses opened their gates to the duke. A prey to gout in later life and living quietly in his palace of Chantilly, he surrounded himself with his family, friends, and the writers and artists whom he loved. Biography. Il distribue aussi aux gens de sa cour des livrées à ses couleurs et à sa devise, tradition anglaise introduite par Louis II de Bourbon, duc de Bourbonnais, comte de Forez, prince des Dombes etc. In 1641, Louis XIII had granted him Clermont-en-Argonne, ceded to France by the Duchy of Lorraine; in 1648, this was converted to an appanage, effectively making it independent of royal authority. Their children were: That he was capable of waging a methodical war of positions may be assumed from his campaigns against Turenne and Montecucculi, the greatest generals opposing him. He was a colorful character to be sure, alternately regarded as a war hero, a traitor and the savior of his country. The princes de Condé were the heads of an important French branch of the House of Bourbon. There, he once more confronted an old adversary, Raimondo Montecuccoli, Austria’s foremost commander, whom he forced to raise the siege of Haguenau and to withdraw across the Rhine. Louis II de Bourbon, victorious at the Battle of Rocroi during the Thirty Years' War. He married Marie-Adelaide de Savoie (1685-1712) 7 December 1697 . Louis II de Bourbon, né le 4 février 1337, mort au château de Montluçon le 10 août 1410, fut duc de Bourbon de 1356 à 1410, baron de Combrailles en 1388 et comte de Forez par mariage. Renseignements apportés par le blason Datation entre 1367 au plus tôt, date de la création de l’ordre de l’Ecu d’or et 1410 au plus tard, date de la mort du duc ; confirmation de l’attribution des travaux à Louis II de Bourbon. The Great Condé was the elder son of Henry II de Bourbon, 3rd prince de Condé, and of his wife, Charlotte de Montmorency.

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